Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-12 (of 12 Records) |
Query Trace: Beltran-Aguilar E[original query] |
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Prevalence and mean number of teeth with amalgam and nonamalgam restorations, United States, 2015 through 2018
Beltrán-Aguilar ED , Thornton-Evans G , Wei L , Bernal J . J Am Dent Assoc 2023 154 (5) 417-426 BACKGROUND: Amalgam has been used for more than 150 years as a safe and reliable restorative material. The authors described the occurrence of amalgam and nonamalgam restorations in the United States in primary and permanent teeth across age groups and according to sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: The authors used clinical examination data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018 for participants 2 years and older (n = 17,040). The authors estimated the prevalence and mean number of amalgam and nonamalgam restorations in primary and permanent teeth according to age groups (2-5 years, 6-11 years, 12-15 years, 16-19 years, 20-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years, and ≥ 80 years), race and ethnicity, federal poverty guideline, education, and pregnancy status. RESULTS: The prevalence of amalgam restorations ranged from 4% through 69%. Overall, amalgam restorations were more prevalent in children and adolescents from racial and ethnic minority groups and families at lower poverty levels and with lower education. The mean number of teeth with nonamalgam restorations was higher than those with amalgam restorations in primary teeth of children aged 6 through 11 years, permanent teeth of those 12 through 15 years and 20 through 39 years, and women aged 20 through 49 years, regardless of pregnancy status. The mean number of amalgam restorations was higher than that for nonamalgam restorations in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nonamalgam restorations were the most common in the primary teeth of children older than 5 years and in the permanent teeth of adults younger than 40 years. Amalgam restorations were more common in older adults. Amalgam and nonamalgam restorations were equally common in children younger than 5 years. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study findings suggest a shift from amalgam to alternative restorative materials in the United States. |
Use of toothpaste and toothbrushing patterns among children and adolescents - United States, 2013-2016
Thornton-Evans G , Junger ML , Lin M , Wei L , Espinoza L , Beltran-Aguilar E . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (4) 87-90 Fluoride use is one of the main factors responsible for the decline in prevalence and severity of dental caries and cavities (tooth decay) in the United States (1). Brushing children's teeth is recommended when the first tooth erupts, as early as 6 months, and the first dental visit should occur no later than age 1 year (2-4). However, ingestion of too much fluoride while teeth are developing can result in visibly detectable changes in enamel structure such as discoloration and pitting (dental fluorosis) (1). Therefore, CDC recommends that children begin using fluoride toothpaste at age 2 years. Children aged <3 years should use a smear the size of a rice grain, and children aged >3 years should use no more than a pea-sized amount (0.25 g) until age 6 years, by which time the swallowing reflex has developed sufficiently to prevent inadvertent ingestion. Questions on toothbrushing practices and toothpaste use among children and adolescents were included in the questionnaire component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the first time beginning in the 2013-2014 cycle. This study estimates patterns of toothbrushing and toothpaste use among children and adolescents by analyzing parents' or caregivers' responses to questions about when the child started to brush teeth, age the child started to use toothpaste, frequency of toothbrushing each day, and amount of toothpaste currently used or used at time of survey. Analysis of 2013-2016 data found that >38% of children aged 3-6 years used more toothpaste than that recommended by CDC and other professional organizations. In addition, nearly 80% of children aged 3-15 years started brushing later than recommended. Parents and caregivers can play a role in ensuring that children are brushing often enough and using the recommended amount of toothpaste. |
A novel staging system for caries severity in the primary dentition
Robertson LD , Beltran-Aguilar E , Dasanayake A , Phipps KR , Warren JJ , Hennessy TW . J Public Health Dent 2016 77 (1) 6-12 OBJECTIVES: Caries in the primary dentition (CIPD) has a high prevalence in U.S. children compared to other diseases, with substantial disparities among different population groups. Few reports correlate CIPD prevalence with clinical impairment of children's quality of life, such as tooth pain, speech delay or trauma to the child from operative restorations, which we collectively term morbidity. Likewise, current case definitions (ECC, S-ECC) and disease metrics (mean dmfs/dmft) are not helpful in assessing morbidity for individual or groups of children. We describe a construct to stage caries severity for children ages 0 -5, called "CIPD Levels." This metric is based on small interval age-group dmft scores, and has a direct link to current and predicted morbidity for the child. It is modeled after staging systems for medical diseases in which the various stages or levels are correlated with the probability of morbidity or mortality. METHODS: We created a matrix in which CIPD Levels 0-4 are assigned for dmft scores 0-7 depending on a child's age. CIPD Level-4 is the highest level, and frequently results in clinical adverse outcomes, including pain and extensive restorations. We next tested this matrix with data from a high-risk population. RESULTS: Among children with any cavitated caries at age <24 months, 82.8% reached the adverse outcomes threshold (CIPD Level-4) at age 36 months. For children with dmft = 0 at 24 months, 71.4% did not reach CIPD Level-4 at age 36 months. CONCLUSION: Our new metric is useful for quantifying disease burden from caries for high-risk children. |
Dental caries and periodontal disease among U.S. pregnant women and nonpregnant women of reproductive age, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004
Azofeifa A , Yeung LF , Alverson CJ , Beltran-Aguilar E . J Public Health Dent 2016 76 (4) 320-329 OBJECTIVES: This study assessed and compared the prevalence and severity of dental caries and the prevalence of periodontal disease among pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age (15-44 years) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES (1999-2004). METHODS: Estimates were derived from a sample of 897 pregnant women and 3,971 nonpregnant women. Chi-square and two-sample t-tests were used to assess differences between groups stratified by age, race/ethnicity, education, and poverty. Bonferroni method was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: In general, there were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence estimates of dental caries and periodontal disease between pregnant women and nonpregnant women. However, results showed significant differences when stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. For example, the prevalence of untreated dental caries among women aged 15-24 years was significantly higher in pregnant women than in nonpregnant women (41 percent versus 24 percent, P = 0.001). Regardless of their pregnancy status, racial/ethnic minorities or women with less education or lower family income had higher prevalence of untreated dental caries, severity of dental caries, and periodontal disease compared to the respective reference groups of non-Hispanic whites or women with more education or higher family income. CONCLUSION: Results of this study show few clinical differences in dental caries and periodontal disease between pregnant and nonpregnant women but persistent disparities by sociodemographic characteristics. In order to reduce oral health disparities in the United States, it is important to improve access to oral health care particularly among vulnerable groups. Integrating oral health into the overall health care could benefit and improve women's oral health outcomes. |
Water intake by outdoor temperature among children aged 1–10 years: implications for community water fluoridation in the U.S
Beltran-Aguilar ED , Barker L , Sohn W , Wei L . Public Health Rep 2015 130 (4) 362-371 OBJECTIVE: The U.S. water fluoridation recommendations, which have been in place since 1962, were based in part on findings from the 1950s that children’s water intake increased with outdoor temperature. We examined whether or not water intake is associated with outdoor temperature. METHODS: Using linked data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, we examined reported 24-hour total and plain water intake in milliliters per kilogram of body weight per day of children aged 1–10 years by maximum outdoor temperature on the day of reported water intake, unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty status. We applied linear regression methods that were used in previously reported analyses of data from NHANES 1988–1994 and from the 1950s. RESULTS: We found that total water intake was not associated with temperature. Plain water intake was weakly associated with temperature in unadjusted (coefficient 5 0.2, p50.015) and adjusted (coefficient 5 0.2, p50.013) linear regression models. However, these models explained little of the individual variation in plain water intake (unadjusted: R250.005; adjusted: R250.023). CONCLUSION: Optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water to prevent caries need not be based on outdoor temperature, given the lack of association between total water intake and outdoor temperature, the weak association between plain water intake and outdoor temperature, and the minimal amount of individual variance in plain water intake explained by outdoor temperature. These findings support the change in the U.S. Public Health Service recommendation for fluoride concentration in drinking water for the prevention of dental caries from temperature-related concentrations to a single concentration that is not related to outdoor temperature. |
No visible dental staining in children treated with doxycycline for suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Todd SR , Dahlgren FS , Traeger MS , Beltran-Aguilar ED , Marianos DW , Hamilton C , McQuiston JH , Regan JJ . J Pediatr 2015 166 (5) 1246-51 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether cosmetically relevant dental effects occurred among children who had received doxycycline for treatment of suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). STUDY DESIGN: Children who lived on an American Indian reservation with high incidence of RMSF were classified as exposed or unexposed to doxycycline, based on medical and pharmacy record abstraction. Licensed, trained dentists examined each child's teeth and evaluated visible staining patterns and enamel hypoplasia. Objective tooth color was evaluated with a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Fifty-eight children who received an average of 1.8 courses of doxycycline before 8 years of age and who now had exposed permanent teeth erupted were compared with 213 children who had never received doxycycline. No tetracycline-like staining was observed in any of the exposed children's teeth (0/58, 95% CI 0%-5%), and no significant difference in tooth shade (P = .20) or hypoplasia (P = 1.0) was found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to demonstrate dental staining, enamel hypoplasia, or tooth color differences among children who received short-term courses of doxycycline at <8 years of age. Healthcare provider confidence in use of doxycycline for suspected RMSF in children may be improved by modifying the drug's label. |
Oral health conditions and dental visits among pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004
Azofeifa A , Yeung LF , Alverson CJ , Beltran-Aguilar E . Prev Chronic Dis 2014 11 E163 INTRODUCTION: Oral diseases can be prevented or improved with regular dental visits. Our objective was to assess and compare national estimates on self-reported oral health conditions and dental visits among pregnant women and nonpregnant women of childbearing age by using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: We analyzed self-reported oral health information on 897 pregnant women and 3,971 nonpregnant women of childbearing age (15-44 years) from NHANES 1999-2004. We used chi2 and 2-sample t tests to assess statistical differences between groups stratified by age, race/ethnicity, poverty, and education. We applied the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Our data show significant differences in self-reported oral health conditions and dental visits among women, regardless of pregnancy status, when stratified by selected sociodemographic characteristics. Significant differences were also found in self-reported oral health conditions and dental visits between pregnant and nonpregnant women, especially among young women, women from minority race/ethnicity groups, and women with less than high school education. CONCLUSION: We found disparities in self-reported oral health conditions and use of dental services among women regardless of pregnancy status. Results highlight the need to improve dental service use among US women of childbearing age, especially young pregnant women, those who are non-Hispanic black or Mexican American, and those with low family income or low education level. Prenatal visits could be used as an opportunity to encourage pregnant women to seek preventive dental care during pregnancy. |
Overview and quality assurance for the oral health component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2009-2010
Dye BA , Li X , Lewis BG , Iafolla T , Beltran-Aguilar ED , Eke PI . J Public Health Dent 2014 74 (3) 248-56 OBJECTIVE: In 2009-2010, the oral health component for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) focused on adult periodontal health and included a full mouth periodontal examination as well as a series of questions adminis during the home interview. During this period, intraoral assessments were conducted by dental hygienists. METHODS: This report provides oral health content information and results of dental examiner reliability for data collected during NHANES 2009-2010 on 7,189 persons aged 3-19 years and 30 years and older representing the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population in these age groups. RESULTS: For caries and dental sealant assessments, Kappa statistics ranged from 0.71 to 1.00. Kappa scores for moderate and severe periodontitis using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology case definition guidelines was 0.70, but were lower for other periodontal status definitions. When defining moderate or severe periodontitis based on the NHANES 2003-2004 study, protocols using data from only three facial periodontal sites, the Kappa scores were 0.64 and 0.55. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for mean attachment loss were 0.80 or higher for both examiners. Site-specific mean attachment loss ICCs were generally higher for interproximal measurements compared with mid-facial and mid-lingual measurements. CONCLUSION: Overall, the data reliability analyses conducted for 2009-2010 indicate an acceptable level of data quality and that examiner (dental hygienist) performance in this data collection cycle is similar to prior survey periods since the NHANES continuous survey began in 1999. |
Topical fluoride for caries prevention: executive summary of the updated clinical recommendations and supporting systematic review
Weyant RJ , Tracy SL , Anselmo TT , Beltran-Aguilar ED , Donly KJ , Frese WA , Hujoel PP , Iafolla T , Kohn W , Kumar J , Levy SM , Tinanoff N , Wright JT , Zero D , Aravamudhan K , Frantsve-Hawley J , Meyer DM . J Am Dent Assoc 2013 144 (11) 1279-91 BACKGROUND: A panel of experts convened by the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs presents evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding professionally applied and prescription-strength, home-use topical fluoride agents for caries prevention. These recommendations are an update of the 2006 ADA recommendations regarding professionally applied topical fluoride and were developed by using a new process that includes conducting a systematic review of primary studies. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors conducted a search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for clinical trials of professionally applied and prescription-strength topical fluoride agents-including mouthrinses, varnishes, gels, foams and pastes-with caries increment outcomes published in English through October 2012. RESULTS: The panel included 71 trials from 82 articles in its review and assessed the efficacy of various topical fluoride caries-preventive agents. The panel makes recommendations for further research. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The panel recommends the following for people at risk of developing dental caries: 2.26 percent fluoride varnish or 1.23 percent fluoride (acidulated phosphate fluoride) gel, or a prescription-strength, home-use 0.05 percent fluoride gel or paste or 0.09 percent fluoride mouthrinse for patients 6 years or older. Only 2.26 percent fluoride varnish is recommended for children younger than 6 years. The strengths of the recommendations for the recommended products varied from "in favor" to "expert opinion for." As part of the evidence-based approach to care, these clinical recommendations should be integrated with the practitioner's professional judgment and the patient's needs and preferences. |
Using social media for research and public health surveillance
Eke PI . J Dent Res 2011 90 (9) 1045-6 The article in this issue of JDR by Heaivilin and colleagues with the title ‘Public Health Surveillance of Dental Pain via Twitter” (Heaivilin et al., 2011) introduces a potential new data source for dental surveillance and research, namely, publicly available information from the social network medium “Twitter”. The authors present a novel idea and approach in using publicly available Twitter data to assess dental pain experiences. Undoubtedly, monitoring episodes of dental pain, including the impact of the pain and actions taken to relieve pain, is a worthwhile objective for dental public health and has indeed been assessed in previous population-based surveys such as in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) and National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) (Beltrán-Aguilar et al., 2005; NIDCR/CDC DRC, 2011). This perspective provides a brief critical assessment of the use of Twitter for public health surveillance and research. | Public health surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data from defined populations for use in planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs (Thacker and Berkelman, 1988). The most important attributes of public health surveillance systems include simplicity, flexibility, and acceptability of the data collection instruments, as well as sensitivity, positive predictive value, representativeness, and timeliness of the data collected (Romaguera et al., 2000). It can be argued that tools such as Twitter do possess some of these attributes. Notably, Twitter data are available publically, and the data are relatively simple to access, extract, and analyze, as exemplified by the study by Heaivilin’s group (Heaivilin et al., 2011). Furthermore, tweets are reported in real time by millions of real persons from across several continents and are communicated via a variety of simple and easy-to-use formats, which are increasingly accessible in most populations. |
Overview and quality assurance for the oral health component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-08
Dye BA , Barker LK , Li XF , Lewis BG , Beltran-Aguilar ED . J Public Health Dent 2011 71 (1) 54-61 The oral health component for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was changed in 2005 from an examination conducted by dentists to an oral health screening conducted by health technologists rather than dental professionals. The oral health screening included a person-based assessment for dental caries, restorations, and sealants. This report provides oral health content information and presents results of data quality analyses that include dental examiner reliability statistics for data collected during NHANES 2005-08. Oral health data are available on 15,342 persons aged 5 years and older representing the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States who participated in NHANES 2005-08. Overall, interrater reliability findings indicate that health technologist performance was excellent with concordance between examination teams and the survey reference examiner being almost perfect for a number of assessments. Concordance for dental caries and sealants (kappa statistics) between health technologists and the survey reference examiner ranged from 0.82 to 0.90 for the combined 4-year period. These findings support the use of health technologists in the assessment of person-based estimators of dental caries and sealant prevalence as part of an oral health surveillance system. |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) may be better than fluoride varnish and no treatment in arresting and preventing cavitated carious lesions
Beltran-Aguilar ED . J Evid Based Dent Pract 2010 10 (2) 122-4 PURPOSE/QUESTION: The authors conducted a systematic review of clinical studies on the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride to arrest and prevent dental caries at the cavitated level. SOURCE OF FUNDING: NIH Grant (DOI:10.1177/0022034508329406) TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN: Systematic review LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2: Limited-quality patient-oriented evidence STRENGTH OF THE RECOMMENDATION GRADE: Grade B: Limited-quality patient-oriented evidence. |
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